PAEDIATRICS SYLLABUS















1. Normal growth
2. Normal nutritional requirement
3. Normal development
4. Nutritional assessment
5. Abnormal growth and development
6. Protein energy malnutrition
7. Birth injuries and asphyxia
8. Vitamin D deficiency rickets
9. Neonatal jaundice
10. Other vitamin deficiencies
11. Breast feeding
12. Low birth weight
13. Artificial feeding and weaning
14. Vaccination schedule in EGYPT
15. Bleeding disorder and anemia in newborn
16. Common manifestation of renal disease
17. Hypoglycemia and IDM
18. Acute glomerulonephritis
19. Respiratory distress and cyanosis of newborn
20. Nephrotic syndrome
21. Modes of inheritance
22. Urinary tract infection
23. Dysmorphologic disorder
24. Acute renal failure
25. Prevention and prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorder
26. Mental retardation
27. URTI
28. Manifestation of cardiovascular disease
29. LRTI
30. Acyanotic CHD
31. Acute bronchiolitis
32. Cyanotic congenital heart disease
33. Air and fluid in pleural space
34. Rheumatic fever
35. Bronchial asthma
36. Rheumatic valvular heart disease
37. Wheezy chest
38. Heart failure
39. Pneumonia
40. Common arrhythmia, SABE, hypertension
41. Common bacterial infection
42. Purpura
43. Common bacterial infection
44. Hemophilia
45. Common exanthematous infection
46. Lymphoma
47. Viral infection and parasitic infection
48. Etiology and diagnosis of anemia
49. FUO
50. Hemolytic anemia
51. Tuberculosis
52. Leukemia
53. IDDM
54. Other types of anemia
55. Basic life support
56. Congenital hypothyroidism
57. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
58. Growth disorder and short stature
59. Seriously ill child and shock
60. Fluid therapy and GE
61. Coma
62. Neonatal cholestasis
63. Respiratory emergencies
64. Acute hepatitis
65. Metabolic emergencies
66. Chronic hepatitis
67. Floppy infant
68. Liver cirrhosis
69. Seizure disorder
70. Macrocephaly and hydro cephalus
71. Cerebral palsy



p/s : utk makluman suma, segala maklumat berkenaan akademik akan disalurkan kedalam fb 3rd generation kerana lebih mudah dan pantas.... moderators blog akan sedaya upaya mengupload maklumat2 yg penting dan berkenaan sahaja dlm blog ini utk dijadikan sumber rujukan oleh kita mahupun junior2 pada masa akan datang...

Mentaqarrub diri kepada Allah,profesional doktor dalam genggaman

Pharmacology from Dr. Mutaal

Topics will not come in the written exam:

General Pharmacology:
Adverse drug reactions.
Principles of drug interactions.

N.B. adverse drug reactions or drug interactions present for individual drugs present throughout the book are NOT deleted.

ANS:
Neuromuscular blockers
Ganglion blockers
Ganglion stimulants.

Eye: the whole chapter

Renal:
Osmotic diuretics.

CVS:
Treatment of shock.

GIT:
Drug treatment of cholelithiasis (gall stones)

Respiratory:
Pharmacology of oxygen & carbon dioxide.

CNS:
Chemical transmitters in the CNS
CNS stimulants
Sk ms relaxants
Anesthesia (general & local)

Endocrine:
Hypothalamic & pituitary hormones (ant & post).
Mineralocorticoids.

Blood:
Restoratives (blood, plasma, fluids).
Treatment of hyperlipidemia

Chemotherapy:
Antiviral drugs
Antiparasitic drugs
Cancer chemotherapy
Drugs that stimulate the immune system
Drugs that inhibit the immune system

Additional topics:
Physiology in the beginning of each topic (e.g. physiology of arrhythmia).

N.B. this is not applied for topics of clinical cases e.g. hypertension, heart failure, angina, etc… all is important.

Structure of the exam:

1st paper:
Value: 75 marks
Chapters: General, ANS, Renal, CVS, Autacoids, GIT, Blood.

2nd paper:
Value: 75 marks
Chapters: Respiratory, CNS, Endocrine, Chemotherapy

Each paper will include:
One long (essay) question (15 marks).
One question including (a) & (b), (7.5 marks for each).
A number of short questions (3-5 marks for each).

3rd paper:
Clinical cases: 5 clinical cases (10 marks each).

-ilmu didahulukan,pencapaian diutamakan-

MicRoBioLoGy

salam. sedikit maklumat mengenai SHEET MICROBIOLOGY 26hb nanti... insyaAllah exam nanti soalan berbentuk MCQ, 45 soalan = 15 markah, pastu jangan lupa bawak buku praktikal sekali untuk meraih lagi 5 markah.. Dr.Nirmin ckp soalan keluar dari buku praktikal sahaja, n dia cakap jgak 'every word is important!'.. kesimpulannya kene baca semua lah!~ oh ya.. exam nanti dekat Mudarrag Ali (atas Mudarrag Hafiz) aka tempat kite exam mcq haritu... ok, jom2 membaca!~ lagi satu! soalan contoh sheet microb dr tamer dah ada kat maktabah A2Z, sapa2 yg nak beli bolehlah beli ye~ syokran

klik DOWNLOAD untuk soalan contoh sheet part 2 beserta jawapan.

p/s : Correction of the wrong answers of MCQ :

Part 1 :

12 .A

38. Add '' Except ''

39. B

Part 2 :

1. D

-ilmu didahulukan,pencapaian diutamakan-

contoh sheet microbiology

salam aleyk.

sini ada contoh soalan sheet Microbiology Part 1 beserta jawapan sekali

boleh download kat sini --> DOWNLOAD

-ilmu didahulukan,pencapaian diutamakan-

Slide CVS patho

Salam, ini link untuk slide CVS disease Dr yang ajar untuk pathology tadi..Sila download , penat saya upload kat 2 jam lebih coz internet lembab.

slide ni penting sebab ade gambar2 clinically. sangat membantu untuk memahami.

http://www.4shared.com/get/199724653/411dc769/DISEASES_OF_CVS_Final_word.html

daripada hanif & Bullet


-ilmu didahulukan,pencapaian diutamakan-

Phylum Sarcomastigophora

by speki tahun3

Assalammualaikum,

These are differences between the Staph bacteria group.

	Staph. Aureus	Staph. Epidermidis	Staph. Saprophyticus
Capsule	+	-	-
Blood Agar	Β-hemolysis	Α-hemolysis	γ-hemolysis
Nutrient Agar	Golden Yellow	White	Greyish-white
Catalase test	+	-	-
Coagulase test	+	-	-
DNAse	+	-	-
Mannitol Fermentation	+	-	-
Toxin a) Enterotoxin b) Exofoliatin c)Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin	+	-	-
Novobiocin Sensitivity	Sensitive	Sensitive	Resistence
Diseases	a)Food poisoning b)Toxic shock syndrome c)Scalded skin syndrome	a)Folliculities b)Furuncle	Urinary track infection in young female

-hanim zaini

gambar pasport anak beranak Protozoa

assalamualaikum semua...

selamat beristirehat buat kawan-kawan...
kali ini,saya nak dedahkan identiti adik beradik protozoa...

kita kenal pasti betul-betul rupa tubuh badan mereka...
jangan biar tertukar...

cari perbezaan sesama diorang...
apa ciri-ciri istemewa yang diorang ada bagi setiap seorang...

agar,lepas ni...
dengan sekilas pandang sahaja...
kita dah dapat namakan mereka!!

jom,kita berusaha bersama...
mumtaz parasitology bukan impian mustahil buat kawan-kawan semua...

wassalam

e.hisolytica trophozoite



Entamoeba Histolytica cyst


Entamoeba Coli trophozoite


Entamoeba Histolytica cyst
oleh:fattahhamzah

Deep venous thrombosis

Hai kawan-kawan, saya ingin berkongsi tentang penyakit yang dihidapi seseorang yang saya kenali. Beliau berusia 30 tahun dan merupakan bapa kepada 3 orang anak. Semoga ini dapat menambah pengetahuan kita!

Deep venous thrombosis

Definition

Deep venous thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot forms in a vein that is deep inside the body.

Causes

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) mainly affects the large veins in the lower leg and thigh. The clot can block blood flow. If the clot breaks off and moves through the bloodstream, it can get stuck in the brain, lungs, heart, or other area, leading to severe damage.

Risks

• Bedrest
• Cigarette smoking
• Fractures
• Giving birth within the last 6 months
• Medications such as estrogen and birth control pills
• Obesity
• Recent surgery (especially hip, knee, or female reproductive organ surgery)
• Sitting for a long time, such as on a long plane or car trip

Symptoms

• Changes in skin color (redness) in one leg
• Increased warmth in one leg
• Leg pain in one leg
• Leg tenderness in one leg
• Swelling (edema) of one leg

Treatment

For years, the standard treatment has been a medication called heparin, which stops blood clots from forming. This type of medicine is called an anticoagulant (also known as a blood thinner).

If heparin is given continuously through a vein (IV), you must stay in the hospital. However, newer forms of heparin that can be given by injection once or twice a day can sometimes be used. You may not need to stay in the hospital as long, or at all, if you are prescribed this newer form of heparin.

The drug warfarin is usually prescribed along with heparin. Warfarin is taken by mouth and is usually used for long-term therapy. It takes several days to fully work. Heparin is continued until the warfarin has been fully effective for at least 24 hours. People usually take warfarin for a minimum of 3 months, but sometimes they must take it for the rest of their lives, depending on their risk for another clot.

You will need frequent lab tests to check the thickness of your blood when you first start taking warfarin. This lets your health care provider properly adjust your dose.

In rare cases, surgery may be needed if medicines do not work. Surgery may involve:

• Placement of a filter in the body's largest vein to prevent blood clots from traveling to the lungs
• Removal of a large blood clot from the vein or injection of clot-busting medicines

Prognosis

Many DVTs disappear without a problem, but they can return. Some people may have long-term pain and swelling in the leg known as post-phlebitic syndrome. Wearing tight (compression) stockings during and after the DVT may help prevent this problem.

Complication

A blood clot that breaks free in the leg and travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolus) can be life threatening. Rapid treatment of DVT helps prevent this problem.

Prevention

Doctors may prescribe blood thinners to help prevent DVT in people at high risk, or those who are undergoing high-risk surgery.

Sometimes patients in the hospital wear special soft boots that automatically (and gently) squeeze the calves periodically. This is called intermittent pneumatic compression. It helps keep blood moving and prevents blood clotting.

Moving your legs often during long plane trips, car trips, and other situations in which you are sitting or lying down for long periods of time can also help prevent DVT.

-Nazatul-

HELMINTHOLOGY

index utk helminthology..

mesti korang pelik kenape aku bagi yang tajuk je..

sbnrny.. bagi aku..
aku suke letak tajuk dulu.. biar ak nampak gambaran ape yang perlu kite belajar..
jd.. ak dapat organize study..
so lagi2 dah nak exam ni. study kene susun betul2,, kalau tak nanti panik

mayb ni pon salah satu study smart kot~ (perasan2)

tu je kot

-speki tahun 3-

celoteh parasitology

Assalamualaikum semua...

Alhamdulillah ya,untuk subjek Parasit kita dah masuk ke fasa dua pengajian.maksudnya dari bab PROTOZOA sehingga tamat.

hari ini,jom kita sama-sama kongsi sedikit ilmu berkenaan dengan Protozoa.


1)Apa itu Protozoa?
organisma satu sel dan eukaryotes.lebih mudah jika kita bayangkan,protozoa ini adalah haiwan yang terawal(termundur) dalam heiraki carta organisma.ini kerana ia boleh hidup sendiri dan melakukan proses kehidupan dengan cara paling simple walaupun die terdiri dari satu sel saja.


2)struktur die macam mana ekk?
macam sel lain ada cytoplasm dan nucleus.cytoplasm kita bahagi kpd dua iaitu ectoplasm dan endoplasm.

ectoplasm adalah organ untuk die bergerak dan die makan.seperti flagella digunakan untuk berenang dan cytostome untuk kenyangkan perut die.

endoplasm adalah berkenaan dengan metabolism.die ada kantung makanan yang dipanggil food vacuoles sebagai contoh.

nucleus die macam la nucleus sel badan kita cuma ada sikit saja perbezaan.jom kita rujuk buku sama-sama.



3)Biology die pulak?
-cara die nak jalan :guna Psedopodia,flagella dan cilia.tiga alat ni digunakan untuk die jalan-jalan cari makan dan bersiar-siar melihat keindahan alam.

-nak hidup,kena bernafas :sebab die sel haiwan,die terpaksa guna gas oksigen untuk bernafas.die ambik gas tu dari proses metabolisma.

-cara die hadam makanan :kalau die nak minum tak de masalah.hirup melalui mulut saja(absorption of liquid food).kalau nak makan benda-benda keras,die terpaksa telan dan keliling dengan food vacuoles sebelum merembeskan Digestive Enzyme.kalau ada makanan yang tak hancur die terpaksa muntahkan balik melalui Cytopyge.

-nak qodo' hajat:ingat OCDC. O-osmotic pressure
c-Contractile vacuole
D-Diffusion
c-Cytopyge


-Secretion die:melaui cyst wall,digestive enzyme,proteolytic enzyme sebagai contoh.

-nak beranak pinak:sex atau asexual.asexual melalui Simple Binary fission,cyst formation dan multiple fission.
sex dengan cara syngamy dan conjugation.syngamy adalah sex lain jantina.betina dan jantan bersenggama.manakala cojugation hanyalah belahan nucleus dari dua organisma.



4)adik beradik protozoa?
terbahagi kepada empat orang(mengikut Phylum).phylum yang pertama ialah SARCOMASTIGOPHORA.En. SAR ni ada dua anak iaitu amoeba dan flagellates.
amoeba ni kita belah dua pulak iaitu parasitic dan free living.

Parasitic amoeba ada TUJUH macam.
1-Entamoeba histolytica
2-Entamoeba coli
3-Entamoeba hartmanni
4-Entamoeba dispar
5-Endolimax nana
6-Iodomoeba butschlii
7-Entaomeaba gingivalis

sekian untuk post kali ni.
selamat maju jaya untuk semua sahabat dan sahabiah sekelian.
bye2.
wassalam

oleh:fattahhamzah

Emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, more commonly known as COPD, and is typically associated with long term exposure to toxic chemicals, including tobacco smoke. Emphysema is most commonly characterized by a diminished elasticity in the lung's tissue. This diminished elasticity causes the airways to collapse during exhalation and air becomes trapped in the lungs. Common symptoms are shortness of breath during even minor physical exertion, hyperventilating, and an expanded chest.

Emphysema is irreversible and degenerative, but is treatable. As most emphysema is found in smokers, the most important factor in slowing its progression is smoking cessation and the avoidance of all respiratory irritants, including secondhand smoke. Rehabilitation of the patient's pulmonary system can dramatically improve quality of life and lung function. Supplemental oxygen is frequently used to treat emphysema on a controlled flow. These portable oxygen systems have been shown to improve patient mobility and extend life. Other medications include bronchodilators or inhalers to expand airway flow in emphysema patients.

The only known cure for emphysema is a lung transplant, though few patients are healthy enough to undergo such extensive surgery. Life expectancy among patients of emphysema is often only 2-3 years and may be complicated by diagnosis of lung cancer or other irreversible respiratory conditions. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are typically not immediately distinguishable but are usually classified in tandem as varying degrees of COPD.

http://www.healthcareblog.info/2009/11/emphysema-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary.html